- Yale Memory ClinicYale Physicians Building800 Howard Avenue, Ste Lower LevelNew Haven, CT 06519
Jaime Grutzendler, MD
Biography
Jaime Grutzendler, MD, works with patients in the Adler Memory Clinic at Yale, where he combines innovative therapies with his specialized expertise in dealing with dementia, and connects families to support groups and services. “In some ways, you are treating the family,” he says. The clinic works closely with the Yale Medicine Dorothy Adler Geriatric Assessment Program, an outpatient consultative service with a national reputation.
Dr. Grutzendler cares for patients with Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal and vascular dementia, as well as behavioral and neurodegenerative disorders. He and his colleagues have access to innovative therapies—sometimes before they hit the market. “Scientists have been learning more about the role of genes in Alzheimer’s, and the Adler Memory Clinic utilizes genetic testing for some patients, he says.
A native of Bogotá, Colombia, Dr. Grutzendler is working toward improving care for patients through the Grutzendler Lab at Yale, where he works with researchers to understand brain function and the cellular basis of neurological diseases. In addition, he directs the Center for Experimental Neuroimaging at Yale, fostering interactions among Yale investigators who study the physiology and pathology of the central and peripheral nervous systems to better understand and treat a variety of neurological conditions.
Titles
- Dr. Harry M. Zimmerman and Dr. Nicholas and Viola Spinelli Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience
- Vice-Chair for Research, Neurology
- Director, Center for Experimental Neuroimaging
Education & Training
- Postdoctoral FellowSkirball Institute/New York University (2003)
- Research FellowWashington University in St. Louis (2000)
- Clinical FellowWashington University in St. Louis (2000)
- ResidentWashington Univeristy in St. Louis (1998)
- InternWashington University in St. Louis (1995)
- MDUniversidad Javeriana School of Medicine (1991)
Languages Spoken
- English
- Español (Spanish)
Additional Information
- Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering, Elected Member: (2018)
- Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering, Elected Member: (2017)
- American Society for Clinical Investigation, Elected Member: (2012)
- McCance Yale Scholar: (2011)
- NIH Director’s Transformative Research Award: (2010)
- Brain and Immunoimaging Award: Dana Foundation (2004)
- New Scholar Award: Ellison Foundation (2004)
- AB of Psychiatry & Neurology, Neurology (2003, recertified: 2015)
- Yuan P, Zhang M, Tong L, Morse T, McDougal R, Ding H, Chan D, Cai Y, Grutzendler J. PLD3 affects axonal spheroids and network defects in Alzheimer’s disease. Nature 2022, 612: 328-337. PMID: 36450991, PMCID: PMC9729106, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05491-6.
- Damisah EC, Hill RA, Rai A, Chen F, Rothlin CV, Ghosh S, Grutzendler J. Astrocytes and microglia play orchestrated roles and respect phagocytic territories during neuronal corpse removal in vivo. Science Advances 2020, 6: eaba3239. PMID: 32637606, PMCID: PMC7319765, DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3239.
- Hill RA, Damisah EC, Chen F, Kwan AC, Grutzendler J. Targeted two-photon chemical apoptotic ablation of defined cell types in vivo. Nature Communications 2017, 8: 15837. PMID: 28621306, PMCID: PMC5501159, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15837.
- Condello C, Yuan P, Grutzendler J. Microglia-Mediated Neuroprotection, TREM2, and Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence From Optical Imaging. Biological Psychiatry 2017, 83: 377-387. PMID: 29169609, PMCID: PMC5767550, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.10.007.
- Yuan P, Condello C, Keene CD, Wang Y, Bird TD, Paul SM, Luo W, Colonna M, Baddeley D, Grutzendler J. TREM2 Haplodeficiency in Mice and Humans Impairs the Microglia Barrier Function Leading to Decreased Amyloid Compaction and Severe Axonal Dystrophy. Neuron 2016, 90: 724-739. PMID: 27196974, PMCID: PMC4898967, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.003.
- Damisah EC, Hill RA, Tong L, Murray KN, Grutzendler J. A fluoro-Nissl dye identifies pericytes as distinct vascular mural cells during in vivo brain imaging. Nature Neuroscience 2017, 20: 1023-1032. PMID: 28504673, PMCID: PMC5550770, DOI: 10.1038/nn.4564.
- Tong L, Hill RA, Damisah EC, Murray KN, Yuan P, Bordey A, Grutzendler J. Imaging and optogenetic modulation of vascular mural cells in the live brain. Nature Protocols 2020, 16: 472-496. PMID: 33299155, DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00425-w.
- Hill RA, Li AM, Grutzendler J. Lifelong cortical myelin plasticity and age-related degeneration in the live mammalian brain. Nature Neuroscience 2018, 21: 683-695. PMID: 29556031, PMCID: PMC5920745, DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0120-6.
- Grutzendler J, Kasthuri N, Gan WB. Long-term dendritic spine stability in the adult cortex. Nature 2002, 420: 812-816. PMID: 12490949, DOI: 10.1038/nature01276.
- Davalos D, Grutzendler J, Yang G, Kim JV, Zuo Y, Jung S, Littman DR, Dustin ML, Gan WB. ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo. Nature Neuroscience 2005, 8: 752-758. PMID: 15895084, DOI: 10.1038/nn1472.
- Yuan P, Condello C, Keene CD, Wang Y, Bird TD, Paul SM, Luo W, Colonna M, Baddeley D, Grutzendler J. TREM2 Haplodeficiency in Mice and Humans Impairs the Microglia Barrier Function Leading to Decreased Amyloid Compaction and Severe Axonal Dystrophy. Neuron 2016, 92: 252-264. PMID: 27710785, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.016.
- Condello C, Yuan P, Schain A, Grutzendler J. Microglia constitute a barrier that prevents neurotoxic protofibrillar Aβ42 hotspots around plaques. Nature Communications 2015, 6: 6176. PMID: 25630253, PMCID: PMC4311408, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7176.
- Angiophagy Prevents Early Embolus Washout But Recanalizes Microvessels Through Embolus ExtravasationGrutzendler J, Murikinati S, Hiner B, Ji L, Lam CK, Yoo T, Gupta S, Hafler BP, Adelman RA, Yuan P, Rodriguez G. Angiophagy Prevents Early Embolus Washout But Recanalizes Microvessels Through Embolus Extravasation. Science Translational Medicine 2014, 6: 226ra31. PMID: 24598589, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006585.
- Schain AJ, Hill RA, Grutzendler J. Label-free in vivo imaging of myelinated axons in health and disease with spectral confocal reflectance microscopy. Nature Medicine 2014, 20: 443-449. PMID: 24681598, PMCID: PMC3981936, DOI: 10.1038/nm.3495.
- Hill RA, Grutzendler J. In vivo imaging of oligodendrocytes with sulforhodamine 101. Nature Methods 2014, 11: 1081-1082. PMID: 25357236, PMCID: PMC4539948, DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3140.
- Grutzendler J. Angiophagy. Stroke 2013, 44: s84-s86. PMID: 23709741, DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.112.678730.
- Lam CK, Yoo T, Hiner B, Liu Z, Grutzendler J. Embolus extravasation is an alternative mechanism for cerebral microvascular recanalization. Nature 2010, 465: 478-482. PMID: 20505729, PMCID: PMC2879083, DOI: 10.1038/nature09001.
- Hill RA, Tong L, Yuan P, Murikinati S, Gupta S, Grutzendler J. Regional Blood Flow in the Normal and Ischemic Brain Is Controlled by Arteriolar Smooth Muscle Cell Contractility and Not by Capillary Pericytes. Neuron 2015, 87: 95-110. PMID: 26119027, PMCID: PMC4487786, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.06.001.
- Min W, Qin L, Zhang H, López-Giráldez F, Jiang N, Kim Y, Mohan V, Su M, Murray K, Grutzendler J, Zhou J. mTORC1 Signaling in Brain Endothelial Progenitors Contributes to CCM Pathogenesis. Circulation Research 2024, 135: e94-e113. PMID: 38957991, PMCID: PMC11293987, DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324015.
- Tong L, Han S, Xue Y, Chen M, Chen F, Ke W, Shu Y, Ding N, Bewersdorf J, Zhou Z, Yuan P, Grutzendler J. Single cell in vivo optogenetic stimulation by two-photon excitation fluorescence transfer. IScience 2023, 26: 107857. PMID: 37752954, PMCID: PMC10518705, DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107857.
- Aber ER, Griffey CJ, Davies T, Li AM, Yang YJ, Croce KR, Goldman JE, Grutzendler J, Canman JC, Yamamoto A. Oligodendroglial macroautophagy is essential for myelin sheath turnover to prevent neurodegeneration and death. Cell Reports 2022, 41: 111480. PMID: 36261002, PMCID: PMC9639605, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111480.
- Ando K, Tong L, Peng D, Vázquez-Liébanas E, Chiyoda H, He L, Liu J, Kawakami K, Mochizuki N, Fukuhara S, Grutzendler J, Betsholtz C. KCNJ8/ABCC9-containing K-ATP channel modulates brain vascular smooth muscle development and neurovascular coupling. Developmental Cell 2022, 57: 1383-1399.e7. PMID: 35588738, DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.019.
- Li AM, Hill RA, Grutzendler J. Intravital Imaging of Neocortical Heterotopia Reveals Aberrant Axonal Pathfinding and Myelination around Ectopic Neurons. Cerebral Cortex 2021, 31: 4340-4356. PMID: 33877363, PMCID: PMC8328209, DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab090.
- Velasco MGM, Zhang M, Antonello J, Yuan P, Allgeyer ES, May D, M’Saad O, Kidd P, Barentine AES, Greco V, Grutzendler J, Booth MJ, Bewersdorf J. 3D super-resolution deep-tissue imaging in living mice. Optica 2021, 8: 442-450. PMID: 34239948, PMCID: PMC8243577, DOI: 10.1364/optica.416841.
- Nicoli S, Grutzendler J. Unlocking Pericyte Function in the Adult Blood Brain Barrier One Cell at a Time. Circulation Research 2021, 128: 511-512. PMID: 33600230, PMCID: PMC7928238, DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318799.
- Zhou HJ, Qin L, Jiang Q, Murray KN, Zhang H, Li B, Lin Q, Graham M, Liu X, Grutzendler J, Min W. Caveolae-mediated Tie2 signaling contributes to CCM pathogenesis in a brain endothelial cell-specific Pdcd10-deficient mouse model. Nature Communications 2021, 12: 504. PMID: 33495460, PMCID: PMC7835246, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20774-0.
- Damisah EC, Rai A, Grutzendler J. TREM2: Modulator of Lipid Metabolism in Microglia. Neuron 2020, 105: 759-761. PMID: 32135085, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.02.008.
- Hirbec H, Déglon N, Foo LC, Goshen I, Grutzendler J, Hangen E, Kreisel T, Linck N, Muffat J, Regio S, Rion S, Escartin C. Emerging technologies to study glial cells. Glia 2020, 68: 1692-1728. PMID: 31958188, DOI: 10.1002/glia.23780.
- Grutzendler J, Nedergaard M. Cellular Control of Brain Capillary Blood Flow: In Vivo Imaging Veritas. Trends In Neurosciences 2019, 42: 528-536. PMID: 31255380, PMCID: PMC7386067, DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.009.
- Hill RA, Grutzendler J. Uncovering the biology of myelin with optical imaging of the live brain. Glia 2019, 67: 2008-2019. PMID: 31033062, PMCID: PMC6744352, DOI: 10.1002/glia.23635.
- Shahbazi A, Kinnison J, Vescovi R, Du M, Hill R, Joesch M, Takeno M, Zeng H, da Costa NM, Grutzendler J, Kasthuri N, Scheirer WJ. Publisher Correction: Flexible Learning-Free Segmentation and Reconstruction of Neural Volumes. Scientific Reports 2018, 8: 17585. PMID: 30498261, PMCID: PMC6265300, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36220-7.
- Shahbazi A, Kinnison J, Vescovi R, Du M, Hill R, Joesch M, Takeno M, Zeng H, da Costa NM, Grutzendler J, Kasthuri N, Scheirer WJ. Flexible Learning-Free Segmentation and Reconstruction of Neural Volumes. Scientific Reports 2018, 8: 14247. PMID: 30250218, PMCID: PMC6155135, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32628-3.
- Schain AJ, Melo‐Carrillo A, Borsook D, Grutzendler J, Strassman AM, Burstein R. Activation of pial and dural macrophages and dendritic cells by cortical spreading depression. Annals Of Neurology 2018, 83: 508-521. PMID: 29394508, PMCID: PMC5965700, DOI: 10.1002/ana.25169.
- Yang J, Zhang X, Yuan P, Yang J, Xu Y, Grutzendler J, Shao Y, Moore A, Ran C. Oxalate-curcumin–based probe for micro- and macroimaging of reactive oxygen species in Alzheimer’s disease. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2017, 114: 12384-12389. PMID: 29109280, PMCID: PMC5703278, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706248114.
- Bosetti F, Galis Z, Bynoe M, Charette M, Cipolla M, del Zoppo G, Gould D, Hatsukami T, Jones T, Koenig J, Lutty G, Maric‐Bilkan C, Stevens T, Tolunay H, Koroshetz W, Participants T, Agalliu D, Antonetti D, Boehm M, Brooks C, Caron K, Chilian W, Daemen M, D'Amato R, Davis T, Ergul A, Faber J, Gomez A, Grayson P, Grumbach I, Grutzendler J, Gu C, Gutterman D, Hallenbeck J, Herman I, Humphrey J, Iadecola C, Inscho E, Kleinfeld D, Lo E, Lopez J, Macknik S, Malik A, Mayadas T, McGavern D, Meininger G, Miller V, Nedergaard M, Nelson M, Peirce‐Cottler S, Ramadan I, Rosenberg G, Schiffrin E, Searson P, Stachenfeld N, Stan R, Suarez Y, Ubogu E, Vexler Z, Weyand C, Zlokovic B. “Small Blood Vessels: Big Health Problems?”: Scientific Recommendations of the National Institutes of Health Workshop. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2016, 5: e004389. PMID: 27815267, PMCID: PMC5210346, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004389.
- Wang Y, Ulland T, Ulrich J, Song W, Yuan P, Mahan T, Shi Y, Gilfillan S, Cella M, DeMattos R, Grutzendler J, Cirrito J, Holtzman D, Colonna M. O2‐07‐02: Trem2‐Mediated Early Response by Resident Microglia Limits Diffusion and Toxicity of Amyloid Plaques. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2016, 12: p241-p242. DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.431.
- Wang Y, Ulland TK, Ulrich JD, Song W, Tzaferis JA, Hole JT, Yuan P, Mahan TE, Shi Y, Gilfillan S, Cella M, Grutzendler J, DeMattos RB, Cirrito JR, Holtzman DM, Colonna M. TREM2-mediated early microglial response limits diffusion and toxicity of amyloid plaques. Journal Of Experimental Medicine 2016, 213: 667-675. PMID: 27091843, PMCID: PMC4854736, DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151948.
- Han L, Kong DK, Zheng MQ, Murikinati S, Ma C, Yuan P, Li L, Tian D, Cai Q, Ye C, Holden D, Park JH, Gao X, Thomas JL, Grutzendler J, Carson RE, Huang Y, Piepmeier JM, Zhou J. Increased Nanoparticle Delivery to Brain Tumors by Autocatalytic Priming for Improved Treatment and Imaging. ACS Nano 2016, 10: 4209-4218. PMID: 26967254, PMCID: PMC5257033, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07573.
- Akassoglou K, Agalliu D, Chang CJ, Davalos D, Grutzendler J, Hillman EM, Khakh BS, Kleinfeld D, McGavern DB, Nelson SJ, Zlokovic BV. Neurovascular and Immuno-Imaging: From Mechanisms to Therapies. Proceedings of the Inaugural Symposium. Frontiers In Neuroscience 2016, 10: 46. PMID: 26941593, PMCID: PMC4761864, DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00046.
- Yuan P, Grutzendler J. Attenuation of β-Amyloid Deposition and Neurotoxicity by Chemogenetic Modulation of Neural Activity. Journal Of Neuroscience 2016, 36: 632-641. PMID: 26758850, PMCID: PMC4710779, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2531-15.2016.
- Grutzendler J. Label-free Confocal Reflectance and 2-photon Microscopy of Myelinated Axons and Microvasculature in Live Mice. 2016, bw4b.2. DOI: 10.1364/brain.2016.bw4b.2.
- Velasco MG, Allgeyer ES, Yuan P, Grutzendler J, Bewersdorf J. Absolute two-photon excitation spectra of red and far-red fluorescent probes. Optics Letters 2015, 40: 4915-8. PMID: 26512482, DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.004915.
- Gowrishankar S, Yuan P, Wu Y, Schrag M, Paradise S, Grutzendler J, De Camilli P, Ferguson SM. Massive accumulation of luminal protease-deficient axonal lysosomes at Alzheimer’s disease amyloid plaques. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2015, 112: e3699-e3708. PMID: 26124111, PMCID: PMC4507205, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1510329112.
- Housley WJ, Fernandez SD, Vera K, Murikinati SR, Grutzendler J, Cuerdon N, Glick L, De Jager PL, Mitrovic M, Cotsapas C, Hafler DA. Genetic variants associated with autoimmunity drive NFκB signaling and responses to inflammatory stimuli. Science Translational Medicine 2015, 7: 291ra93. PMID: 26062845, PMCID: PMC4574294, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa9223.
- Zhang X, Tian Y, Yuan P, Li Y, Yaseen MA, Grutzendler J, Moore A, Ran C. A bifunctional curcumin analogue for two-photon imaging and inhibiting crosslinking of amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease. Chemical Communications 2014, 50: 11550-11553. PMID: 25134928, PMCID: PMC4617557, DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03731f.
- Hill RA, Patel KD, Goncalves CM, Grutzendler J, Nishiyama A. Modulation of oligodendrocyte generation during a critical temporal window after NG2 cell division. Nature Neuroscience 2014, 17: 1518-1527. PMID: 25262495, PMCID: PMC4275302, DOI: 10.1038/nn.3815.
- Whiteus C, Freitas C, Grutzendler J. Perturbed neural activity disrupts cerebral angiogenesis during a postnatal critical period. Nature 2013, 505: 407-411. PMID: 24305053, PMCID: PMC3947100, DOI: 10.1038/nature12821.
- Harb R, Whiteus C, Freitas C, Grutzendler J. In Vivo Imaging of Cerebral Microvascular Plasticity from Birth to Death. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 2012, 33: 146-156. PMID: 23093067, PMCID: PMC3597363, DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.152.
- Grutzendler J, Yang G, Pan F, Parkhurst CN, Gan WB. Transcranial Two-Photon Imaging of the Living Mouse Brain. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2011, 2011: pdb.prot065474. PMID: 21880826, PMCID: PMC4641516, DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot065474.
- Condello C, Schain A, Grutzendler J. Multicolor time-stamp reveals the dynamics and toxicity of amyloid deposition. Scientific Reports 2011, 1: 19. PMID: 22355538, PMCID: PMC3216507, DOI: 10.1038/srep00019.
- Liu Z, Condello C, Schain A, Harb R, Grutzendler J. CX3CR1 in Microglia Regulates Brain Amyloid Deposition through Selective Protofibrillar Amyloid-β Phagocytosis. Journal Of Neuroscience 2010, 30: 17091-17101. PMID: 21159979, PMCID: PMC3077120, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4403-10.2010.
- Yang G, Pan F, Parkhurst CN, Grutzendler J, Gan WB. Thinned-skull cranial window technique for long-term imaging of the cortex in live mice. Nature Protocols 2010, 5: 201-208. PMID: 20134419, PMCID: PMC4690457, DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.222.
- Gan WB, Grutzendler J, Wong RO, Lichtman JW. Ballistic delivery of dyes for structural and functional studies of the nervous system. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2009, 2009: pdb.prot5202. PMID: 20147144, PMCID: PMC2916724, DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot5202.
- Grutzendler J, Gan WB. Long-term two-photon transcranial imaging of synaptic structures in the living brain. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2007, 2007: pdb.prot4766. PMID: 21357119, DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4766.
- GRUTZENDLER J, HELMIN K, TSAI J, GAN W. Various Dendritic Abnormalities Are Associated with Fibrillar Amyloid Deposits in Alzheimer's Disease. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences 2007, 1097: 30-39. PMID: 17413007, DOI: 10.1196/annals.1379.003.
- Grutzendler J, Gan WB. Two-photon imaging of synaptic plasticity and pathology in the living mouse brain. Neurotherapeutics 2006, 3: 489-496. PMID: 17012063, PMCID: PMC3593400, DOI: 10.1016/j.nurx.2006.07.005.
- Fibrillar amyloid deposition leads to local synaptic abnormalities and breakage of neuronal branchesTsai J, Grutzendler J, Duff K, Gan WB. Fibrillar amyloid deposition leads to local synaptic abnormalities and breakage of neuronal branches. Nature Neuroscience 2004, 7: 1181-1183. PMID: 15475950, DOI: 10.1038/nn1335.
- Coggan JS, Grutzendler J, Bishop DL, Cook MR, Gan W, Heym J, Lichtman JW. Age‐associated synapse elimination in mouse parasympathetic ganglia. Developmental Neurobiology 2004, 60: 214-226. PMID: 15266652, DOI: 10.1002/neu.20022.
- Grutzendler J, Tsai J, Gan WB. Rapid labeling of neuronal populations by ballistic delivery of fluorescent dyes. Methods 2003, 30: 79-85. PMID: 12695105, DOI: 10.1016/s1046-2023(03)00009-4.
- Nadarajah B, Brunstrom J, Grutzendler J, Wong R, Pearlman A. Two modes of radial migration in early development of the cerebral cortex. Nature Neuroscience 2001, 4: 143-150. PMID: 11175874, DOI: 10.1038/83967.
- Grutzendler J, Morris J. Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer’s Disease. Drugs 2001, 61: 41-52. PMID: 11217870, DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200161010-00005.
- Gan W, Grutzendler J, Wong W, Wong R, Lichtman J. Multicolor “DiOlistic” Labeling of the Nervous System Using Lipophilic Dye Combinations. Neuron 2000, 27: 219-225. PMID: 10985343, DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00031-3.
- Yale Memory ClinicYale Physicians Building800 Howard Avenue, Ste Lower LevelNew Haven, CT 06519
Biography
Jaime Grutzendler, MD, works with patients in the Adler Memory Clinic at Yale, where he combines innovative therapies with his specialized expertise in dealing with dementia, and connects families to support groups and services. “In some ways, you are treating the family,” he says. The clinic works closely with the Yale Medicine Dorothy Adler Geriatric Assessment Program, an outpatient consultative service with a national reputation.
Dr. Grutzendler cares for patients with Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal and vascular dementia, as well as behavioral and neurodegenerative disorders. He and his colleagues have access to innovative therapies—sometimes before they hit the market. “Scientists have been learning more about the role of genes in Alzheimer’s, and the Adler Memory Clinic utilizes genetic testing for some patients, he says.
A native of Bogotá, Colombia, Dr. Grutzendler is working toward improving care for patients through the Grutzendler Lab at Yale, where he works with researchers to understand brain function and the cellular basis of neurological diseases. In addition, he directs the Center for Experimental Neuroimaging at Yale, fostering interactions among Yale investigators who study the physiology and pathology of the central and peripheral nervous systems to better understand and treat a variety of neurological conditions.
Titles
- Dr. Harry M. Zimmerman and Dr. Nicholas and Viola Spinelli Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience
- Vice-Chair for Research, Neurology
- Director, Center for Experimental Neuroimaging
Education & Training
- Postdoctoral FellowSkirball Institute/New York University (2003)
- Research FellowWashington University in St. Louis (2000)
- Clinical FellowWashington University in St. Louis (2000)
- ResidentWashington Univeristy in St. Louis (1998)
- InternWashington University in St. Louis (1995)
- MDUniversidad Javeriana School of Medicine (1991)
Languages Spoken
- English
- Español (Spanish)
Additional Information
- Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering, Elected Member: (2018)
- Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering, Elected Member: (2017)
- American Society for Clinical Investigation, Elected Member: (2012)
- McCance Yale Scholar: (2011)
- NIH Director’s Transformative Research Award: (2010)
- Brain and Immunoimaging Award: Dana Foundation (2004)
- New Scholar Award: Ellison Foundation (2004)
- AB of Psychiatry & Neurology, Neurology (2003, recertified: 2015)
- Yuan P, Zhang M, Tong L, Morse T, McDougal R, Ding H, Chan D, Cai Y, Grutzendler J. PLD3 affects axonal spheroids and network defects in Alzheimer’s disease. Nature 2022, 612: 328-337. PMID: 36450991, PMCID: PMC9729106, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05491-6.
- Damisah EC, Hill RA, Rai A, Chen F, Rothlin CV, Ghosh S, Grutzendler J. Astrocytes and microglia play orchestrated roles and respect phagocytic territories during neuronal corpse removal in vivo. Science Advances 2020, 6: eaba3239. PMID: 32637606, PMCID: PMC7319765, DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3239.
- Hill RA, Damisah EC, Chen F, Kwan AC, Grutzendler J. Targeted two-photon chemical apoptotic ablation of defined cell types in vivo. Nature Communications 2017, 8: 15837. PMID: 28621306, PMCID: PMC5501159, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15837.
- Condello C, Yuan P, Grutzendler J. Microglia-Mediated Neuroprotection, TREM2, and Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence From Optical Imaging. Biological Psychiatry 2017, 83: 377-387. PMID: 29169609, PMCID: PMC5767550, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.10.007.
- Yuan P, Condello C, Keene CD, Wang Y, Bird TD, Paul SM, Luo W, Colonna M, Baddeley D, Grutzendler J. TREM2 Haplodeficiency in Mice and Humans Impairs the Microglia Barrier Function Leading to Decreased Amyloid Compaction and Severe Axonal Dystrophy. Neuron 2016, 90: 724-739. PMID: 27196974, PMCID: PMC4898967, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.003.
- Damisah EC, Hill RA, Tong L, Murray KN, Grutzendler J. A fluoro-Nissl dye identifies pericytes as distinct vascular mural cells during in vivo brain imaging. Nature Neuroscience 2017, 20: 1023-1032. PMID: 28504673, PMCID: PMC5550770, DOI: 10.1038/nn.4564.
- Tong L, Hill RA, Damisah EC, Murray KN, Yuan P, Bordey A, Grutzendler J. Imaging and optogenetic modulation of vascular mural cells in the live brain. Nature Protocols 2020, 16: 472-496. PMID: 33299155, DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00425-w.
- Hill RA, Li AM, Grutzendler J. Lifelong cortical myelin plasticity and age-related degeneration in the live mammalian brain. Nature Neuroscience 2018, 21: 683-695. PMID: 29556031, PMCID: PMC5920745, DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0120-6.
- Grutzendler J, Kasthuri N, Gan WB. Long-term dendritic spine stability in the adult cortex. Nature 2002, 420: 812-816. PMID: 12490949, DOI: 10.1038/nature01276.
- Davalos D, Grutzendler J, Yang G, Kim JV, Zuo Y, Jung S, Littman DR, Dustin ML, Gan WB. ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo. Nature Neuroscience 2005, 8: 752-758. PMID: 15895084, DOI: 10.1038/nn1472.
- Yuan P, Condello C, Keene CD, Wang Y, Bird TD, Paul SM, Luo W, Colonna M, Baddeley D, Grutzendler J. TREM2 Haplodeficiency in Mice and Humans Impairs the Microglia Barrier Function Leading to Decreased Amyloid Compaction and Severe Axonal Dystrophy. Neuron 2016, 92: 252-264. PMID: 27710785, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.016.
- Condello C, Yuan P, Schain A, Grutzendler J. Microglia constitute a barrier that prevents neurotoxic protofibrillar Aβ42 hotspots around plaques. Nature Communications 2015, 6: 6176. PMID: 25630253, PMCID: PMC4311408, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7176.
- Angiophagy Prevents Early Embolus Washout But Recanalizes Microvessels Through Embolus ExtravasationGrutzendler J, Murikinati S, Hiner B, Ji L, Lam CK, Yoo T, Gupta S, Hafler BP, Adelman RA, Yuan P, Rodriguez G. Angiophagy Prevents Early Embolus Washout But Recanalizes Microvessels Through Embolus Extravasation. Science Translational Medicine 2014, 6: 226ra31. PMID: 24598589, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006585.
- Schain AJ, Hill RA, Grutzendler J. Label-free in vivo imaging of myelinated axons in health and disease with spectral confocal reflectance microscopy. Nature Medicine 2014, 20: 443-449. PMID: 24681598, PMCID: PMC3981936, DOI: 10.1038/nm.3495.
- Hill RA, Grutzendler J. In vivo imaging of oligodendrocytes with sulforhodamine 101. Nature Methods 2014, 11: 1081-1082. PMID: 25357236, PMCID: PMC4539948, DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3140.
- Grutzendler J. Angiophagy. Stroke 2013, 44: s84-s86. PMID: 23709741, DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.112.678730.
- Lam CK, Yoo T, Hiner B, Liu Z, Grutzendler J. Embolus extravasation is an alternative mechanism for cerebral microvascular recanalization. Nature 2010, 465: 478-482. PMID: 20505729, PMCID: PMC2879083, DOI: 10.1038/nature09001.
- Hill RA, Tong L, Yuan P, Murikinati S, Gupta S, Grutzendler J. Regional Blood Flow in the Normal and Ischemic Brain Is Controlled by Arteriolar Smooth Muscle Cell Contractility and Not by Capillary Pericytes. Neuron 2015, 87: 95-110. PMID: 26119027, PMCID: PMC4487786, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.06.001.
- Min W, Qin L, Zhang H, López-Giráldez F, Jiang N, Kim Y, Mohan V, Su M, Murray K, Grutzendler J, Zhou J. mTORC1 Signaling in Brain Endothelial Progenitors Contributes to CCM Pathogenesis. Circulation Research 2024, 135: e94-e113. PMID: 38957991, PMCID: PMC11293987, DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324015.
- Tong L, Han S, Xue Y, Chen M, Chen F, Ke W, Shu Y, Ding N, Bewersdorf J, Zhou Z, Yuan P, Grutzendler J. Single cell in vivo optogenetic stimulation by two-photon excitation fluorescence transfer. IScience 2023, 26: 107857. PMID: 37752954, PMCID: PMC10518705, DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107857.
- Aber ER, Griffey CJ, Davies T, Li AM, Yang YJ, Croce KR, Goldman JE, Grutzendler J, Canman JC, Yamamoto A. Oligodendroglial macroautophagy is essential for myelin sheath turnover to prevent neurodegeneration and death. Cell Reports 2022, 41: 111480. PMID: 36261002, PMCID: PMC9639605, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111480.
- Ando K, Tong L, Peng D, Vázquez-Liébanas E, Chiyoda H, He L, Liu J, Kawakami K, Mochizuki N, Fukuhara S, Grutzendler J, Betsholtz C. KCNJ8/ABCC9-containing K-ATP channel modulates brain vascular smooth muscle development and neurovascular coupling. Developmental Cell 2022, 57: 1383-1399.e7. PMID: 35588738, DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.019.
- Li AM, Hill RA, Grutzendler J. Intravital Imaging of Neocortical Heterotopia Reveals Aberrant Axonal Pathfinding and Myelination around Ectopic Neurons. Cerebral Cortex 2021, 31: 4340-4356. PMID: 33877363, PMCID: PMC8328209, DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab090.
- Velasco MGM, Zhang M, Antonello J, Yuan P, Allgeyer ES, May D, M’Saad O, Kidd P, Barentine AES, Greco V, Grutzendler J, Booth MJ, Bewersdorf J. 3D super-resolution deep-tissue imaging in living mice. Optica 2021, 8: 442-450. PMID: 34239948, PMCID: PMC8243577, DOI: 10.1364/optica.416841.
- Nicoli S, Grutzendler J. Unlocking Pericyte Function in the Adult Blood Brain Barrier One Cell at a Time. Circulation Research 2021, 128: 511-512. PMID: 33600230, PMCID: PMC7928238, DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318799.
- Zhou HJ, Qin L, Jiang Q, Murray KN, Zhang H, Li B, Lin Q, Graham M, Liu X, Grutzendler J, Min W. Caveolae-mediated Tie2 signaling contributes to CCM pathogenesis in a brain endothelial cell-specific Pdcd10-deficient mouse model. Nature Communications 2021, 12: 504. PMID: 33495460, PMCID: PMC7835246, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20774-0.
- Damisah EC, Rai A, Grutzendler J. TREM2: Modulator of Lipid Metabolism in Microglia. Neuron 2020, 105: 759-761. PMID: 32135085, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.02.008.
- Hirbec H, Déglon N, Foo LC, Goshen I, Grutzendler J, Hangen E, Kreisel T, Linck N, Muffat J, Regio S, Rion S, Escartin C. Emerging technologies to study glial cells. Glia 2020, 68: 1692-1728. PMID: 31958188, DOI: 10.1002/glia.23780.
- Grutzendler J, Nedergaard M. Cellular Control of Brain Capillary Blood Flow: In Vivo Imaging Veritas. Trends In Neurosciences 2019, 42: 528-536. PMID: 31255380, PMCID: PMC7386067, DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.009.
- Hill RA, Grutzendler J. Uncovering the biology of myelin with optical imaging of the live brain. Glia 2019, 67: 2008-2019. PMID: 31033062, PMCID: PMC6744352, DOI: 10.1002/glia.23635.
- Shahbazi A, Kinnison J, Vescovi R, Du M, Hill R, Joesch M, Takeno M, Zeng H, da Costa NM, Grutzendler J, Kasthuri N, Scheirer WJ. Publisher Correction: Flexible Learning-Free Segmentation and Reconstruction of Neural Volumes. Scientific Reports 2018, 8: 17585. PMID: 30498261, PMCID: PMC6265300, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36220-7.
- Shahbazi A, Kinnison J, Vescovi R, Du M, Hill R, Joesch M, Takeno M, Zeng H, da Costa NM, Grutzendler J, Kasthuri N, Scheirer WJ. Flexible Learning-Free Segmentation and Reconstruction of Neural Volumes. Scientific Reports 2018, 8: 14247. PMID: 30250218, PMCID: PMC6155135, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32628-3.
- Schain AJ, Melo‐Carrillo A, Borsook D, Grutzendler J, Strassman AM, Burstein R. Activation of pial and dural macrophages and dendritic cells by cortical spreading depression. Annals Of Neurology 2018, 83: 508-521. PMID: 29394508, PMCID: PMC5965700, DOI: 10.1002/ana.25169.
- Yang J, Zhang X, Yuan P, Yang J, Xu Y, Grutzendler J, Shao Y, Moore A, Ran C. Oxalate-curcumin–based probe for micro- and macroimaging of reactive oxygen species in Alzheimer’s disease. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2017, 114: 12384-12389. PMID: 29109280, PMCID: PMC5703278, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706248114.
- Bosetti F, Galis Z, Bynoe M, Charette M, Cipolla M, del Zoppo G, Gould D, Hatsukami T, Jones T, Koenig J, Lutty G, Maric‐Bilkan C, Stevens T, Tolunay H, Koroshetz W, Participants T, Agalliu D, Antonetti D, Boehm M, Brooks C, Caron K, Chilian W, Daemen M, D'Amato R, Davis T, Ergul A, Faber J, Gomez A, Grayson P, Grumbach I, Grutzendler J, Gu C, Gutterman D, Hallenbeck J, Herman I, Humphrey J, Iadecola C, Inscho E, Kleinfeld D, Lo E, Lopez J, Macknik S, Malik A, Mayadas T, McGavern D, Meininger G, Miller V, Nedergaard M, Nelson M, Peirce‐Cottler S, Ramadan I, Rosenberg G, Schiffrin E, Searson P, Stachenfeld N, Stan R, Suarez Y, Ubogu E, Vexler Z, Weyand C, Zlokovic B. “Small Blood Vessels: Big Health Problems?”: Scientific Recommendations of the National Institutes of Health Workshop. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2016, 5: e004389. PMID: 27815267, PMCID: PMC5210346, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004389.
- Wang Y, Ulland T, Ulrich J, Song W, Yuan P, Mahan T, Shi Y, Gilfillan S, Cella M, DeMattos R, Grutzendler J, Cirrito J, Holtzman D, Colonna M. O2‐07‐02: Trem2‐Mediated Early Response by Resident Microglia Limits Diffusion and Toxicity of Amyloid Plaques. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2016, 12: p241-p242. DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.431.
- Wang Y, Ulland TK, Ulrich JD, Song W, Tzaferis JA, Hole JT, Yuan P, Mahan TE, Shi Y, Gilfillan S, Cella M, Grutzendler J, DeMattos RB, Cirrito JR, Holtzman DM, Colonna M. TREM2-mediated early microglial response limits diffusion and toxicity of amyloid plaques. Journal Of Experimental Medicine 2016, 213: 667-675. PMID: 27091843, PMCID: PMC4854736, DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151948.
- Han L, Kong DK, Zheng MQ, Murikinati S, Ma C, Yuan P, Li L, Tian D, Cai Q, Ye C, Holden D, Park JH, Gao X, Thomas JL, Grutzendler J, Carson RE, Huang Y, Piepmeier JM, Zhou J. Increased Nanoparticle Delivery to Brain Tumors by Autocatalytic Priming for Improved Treatment and Imaging. ACS Nano 2016, 10: 4209-4218. PMID: 26967254, PMCID: PMC5257033, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07573.
- Akassoglou K, Agalliu D, Chang CJ, Davalos D, Grutzendler J, Hillman EM, Khakh BS, Kleinfeld D, McGavern DB, Nelson SJ, Zlokovic BV. Neurovascular and Immuno-Imaging: From Mechanisms to Therapies. Proceedings of the Inaugural Symposium. Frontiers In Neuroscience 2016, 10: 46. PMID: 26941593, PMCID: PMC4761864, DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00046.
- Yuan P, Grutzendler J. Attenuation of β-Amyloid Deposition and Neurotoxicity by Chemogenetic Modulation of Neural Activity. Journal Of Neuroscience 2016, 36: 632-641. PMID: 26758850, PMCID: PMC4710779, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2531-15.2016.
- Grutzendler J. Label-free Confocal Reflectance and 2-photon Microscopy of Myelinated Axons and Microvasculature in Live Mice. 2016, bw4b.2. DOI: 10.1364/brain.2016.bw4b.2.
- Velasco MG, Allgeyer ES, Yuan P, Grutzendler J, Bewersdorf J. Absolute two-photon excitation spectra of red and far-red fluorescent probes. Optics Letters 2015, 40: 4915-8. PMID: 26512482, DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.004915.
- Gowrishankar S, Yuan P, Wu Y, Schrag M, Paradise S, Grutzendler J, De Camilli P, Ferguson SM. Massive accumulation of luminal protease-deficient axonal lysosomes at Alzheimer’s disease amyloid plaques. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2015, 112: e3699-e3708. PMID: 26124111, PMCID: PMC4507205, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1510329112.
- Housley WJ, Fernandez SD, Vera K, Murikinati SR, Grutzendler J, Cuerdon N, Glick L, De Jager PL, Mitrovic M, Cotsapas C, Hafler DA. Genetic variants associated with autoimmunity drive NFκB signaling and responses to inflammatory stimuli. Science Translational Medicine 2015, 7: 291ra93. PMID: 26062845, PMCID: PMC4574294, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa9223.
- Zhang X, Tian Y, Yuan P, Li Y, Yaseen MA, Grutzendler J, Moore A, Ran C. A bifunctional curcumin analogue for two-photon imaging and inhibiting crosslinking of amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease. Chemical Communications 2014, 50: 11550-11553. PMID: 25134928, PMCID: PMC4617557, DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03731f.
- Hill RA, Patel KD, Goncalves CM, Grutzendler J, Nishiyama A. Modulation of oligodendrocyte generation during a critical temporal window after NG2 cell division. Nature Neuroscience 2014, 17: 1518-1527. PMID: 25262495, PMCID: PMC4275302, DOI: 10.1038/nn.3815.
- Whiteus C, Freitas C, Grutzendler J. Perturbed neural activity disrupts cerebral angiogenesis during a postnatal critical period. Nature 2013, 505: 407-411. PMID: 24305053, PMCID: PMC3947100, DOI: 10.1038/nature12821.
- Harb R, Whiteus C, Freitas C, Grutzendler J. In Vivo Imaging of Cerebral Microvascular Plasticity from Birth to Death. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 2012, 33: 146-156. PMID: 23093067, PMCID: PMC3597363, DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.152.
- Grutzendler J, Yang G, Pan F, Parkhurst CN, Gan WB. Transcranial Two-Photon Imaging of the Living Mouse Brain. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2011, 2011: pdb.prot065474. PMID: 21880826, PMCID: PMC4641516, DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot065474.
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- Liu Z, Condello C, Schain A, Harb R, Grutzendler J. CX3CR1 in Microglia Regulates Brain Amyloid Deposition through Selective Protofibrillar Amyloid-β Phagocytosis. Journal Of Neuroscience 2010, 30: 17091-17101. PMID: 21159979, PMCID: PMC3077120, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4403-10.2010.
- Yang G, Pan F, Parkhurst CN, Grutzendler J, Gan WB. Thinned-skull cranial window technique for long-term imaging of the cortex in live mice. Nature Protocols 2010, 5: 201-208. PMID: 20134419, PMCID: PMC4690457, DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.222.
- Gan WB, Grutzendler J, Wong RO, Lichtman JW. Ballistic delivery of dyes for structural and functional studies of the nervous system. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2009, 2009: pdb.prot5202. PMID: 20147144, PMCID: PMC2916724, DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot5202.
- Grutzendler J, Gan WB. Long-term two-photon transcranial imaging of synaptic structures in the living brain. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2007, 2007: pdb.prot4766. PMID: 21357119, DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4766.
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- Grutzendler J, Gan WB. Two-photon imaging of synaptic plasticity and pathology in the living mouse brain. Neurotherapeutics 2006, 3: 489-496. PMID: 17012063, PMCID: PMC3593400, DOI: 10.1016/j.nurx.2006.07.005.
- Fibrillar amyloid deposition leads to local synaptic abnormalities and breakage of neuronal branchesTsai J, Grutzendler J, Duff K, Gan WB. Fibrillar amyloid deposition leads to local synaptic abnormalities and breakage of neuronal branches. Nature Neuroscience 2004, 7: 1181-1183. PMID: 15475950, DOI: 10.1038/nn1335.
- Coggan JS, Grutzendler J, Bishop DL, Cook MR, Gan W, Heym J, Lichtman JW. Age‐associated synapse elimination in mouse parasympathetic ganglia. Developmental Neurobiology 2004, 60: 214-226. PMID: 15266652, DOI: 10.1002/neu.20022.
- Grutzendler J, Tsai J, Gan WB. Rapid labeling of neuronal populations by ballistic delivery of fluorescent dyes. Methods 2003, 30: 79-85. PMID: 12695105, DOI: 10.1016/s1046-2023(03)00009-4.
- Nadarajah B, Brunstrom J, Grutzendler J, Wong R, Pearlman A. Two modes of radial migration in early development of the cerebral cortex. Nature Neuroscience 2001, 4: 143-150. PMID: 11175874, DOI: 10.1038/83967.
- Grutzendler J, Morris J. Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer’s Disease. Drugs 2001, 61: 41-52. PMID: 11217870, DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200161010-00005.
- Gan W, Grutzendler J, Wong W, Wong R, Lichtman J. Multicolor “DiOlistic” Labeling of the Nervous System Using Lipophilic Dye Combinations. Neuron 2000, 27: 219-225. PMID: 10985343, DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00031-3.
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- Yale Memory ClinicYale Physicians Building800 Howard Avenue, Ste Lower LevelNew Haven, CT 06519