Britt Tonnessen, MD
Biography
Britt H. Tonnessen, MD, FACS is a vascular surgeon who treats patients with a variety of conditions that affect the arteries and veins, including carotid disease, peripheral vascular disease, venous disease, and thoracic outlet syndrome. As a vascular expert, she cares for older patients with hardening of the arteries, as well as younger patients who may develop different types of problems, such as varicose veins or chronic wounds on the legs.
Dr. Tonnessen says the decision to become a doctor came naturally to her. “I wanted to help people. It's as simple as that.” She was inspired by excellent mentorship and early exposure to vascular surgery as a medical student at the Mayo Clinic in the 1990s.
She ultimately became a vascular surgeon for three reasons. “One, you have continuity of patient care over time—these are patients you follow for many years. Two, the science behind the work I do is logical and interesting. Three, minimally invasive “endovascular” techniques have really revolutionized the field," she says. "When I was an intern, all of the patients had large incisions on their abdomens. Traditional surgery is still appropriate for some, but now we can do many procedures through a small puncture in the groin or even in the foot.”
Vascular surgery can be demanding, but there are many rewards, Dr. Tonnessen says. “It's so gratifying for me to get a cold foot back to a warm foot (because circulation has improved), to relieve pain for someone whose leg has been swollen for years, or to repair someone's potentially life-threatening aneurysm through a couple of small groin punctures," she says. "In medicine, we're never looking for a thank you, but the satisfaction from patients whose lives were transformed has made it all worthwhile.”
Titles
- Associate Professor of Surgery (Vascular)
- Associate Program Director, Vascular Residency, Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy
- Associate Professor, Surgery
Education & Training
- FellowOchsner Clinic (2006)
- ResidentOchsner Clinic (2004)
- MDMayo Clinic (1999)
- BSc (Hon)Brown University, Neuroscience (1994)
Additional Information
- Top Doctor 2020: Connecticut Magazine (2020)
- AB of Surgery, Vascular Surgery (2008)
- AB of Surgery, Surgery General (2005)
- Kostiuk V, Fereydooni S, Setia O, Loh S, Strosberg D, Tonnessen B, Ochoa Chaar C, Aboian E. Comparative analysis of negative pressure wound therapy (PICO) and standard dressing application after arterial vascular reconstructions. Vascular 2024, 17085381241296606. PMID: 39460535, DOI: 10.1177/17085381241296606.
- Loh S, Strosberg D, Chaar C, Guzman R, Tonnessen B. Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Limb Ischemia at a Tertiary Referral Center. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2024, 80: e121-e122. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.07.058.
- Setia O, Batarseh P, Li A, Tonnessen B, Strosberg D. Superior Mesenteric Artery Transposition: A Versatile Surgical Technique for Acute and Chronic Vascular Conditions. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2024, 80: e136. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.07.077.
- Christensen R, Yi M, Kang B, Ibrahim S, Anvery N, Dirr M, Adams S, Amer Y, Bisdorff A, Bradfield L, Brown S, Earley A, Fatheree L, Fayoux P, Getchius T, Ginex P, Graham A, Green C, Gresele P, Hanson H, Haynes N, Hegedüs L, Hussein H, Jakhmola P, Kantorova L, Krishnasamy R, Krist A, Landry G, Lease E, Ley L, Marsden G, Meek T, Meremikwu M, Moga C, Mokrane S, Mujoomdar A, Newton S, O'Flynn N, Perkins G, Smith E, Prematunge C, Rychert J, Saraco M, Schünemann H, Senerth E, Sinclair A, Shwayder J, Stec C, Tanni S, Taske N, Temple-Smolkin R, Thomas L, Thomas S, Tonnessen B, Turner A, Van Dam A, van Doormaal M, Wan Y, Ventura C, McFarlane E, Morgan R, Ogunremi T, Alam M. Corrigendum to “Development of an international glossary for clinical guidelines collaboration” “[Journal of Biomechanics 158 (2023) 84-91]”. Journal Of Clinical Epidemiology 2024, 111514. PMID: 39353833, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111514.
- Iannuzzi J, Animilli S, Koleilat I, Indes J, Simons J, Tonnessen B, Conte M, Eldrup-Jorgensen J. Vascular Quality Initiative Compliance With Society for Vascular Surgery Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Claudication with Peripheral Vascular Intervention. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2024, 80: e95. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.06.157.
- Schwartz A, Setia O, Loh S, Tonnessen B, Assi R, Kuwayama D. Thoracoabdominal Aortic Reconstruction With Autogenous Vein Graft for Perivisceral Mycotic Aneurysm. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2024, 80: e43. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.06.076.
- Kostiuk V, Grubman S, Brahmandam A, Schneider E, Tonnessen B, Perez Lozada J, Guzman R, Ochoa Chaar C. The Degree of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Tilt Associated with Challenging Retrieval. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2024, 109: 135-142. PMID: 39025218, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2024.06.020.
- Kostiuk V, Vallabhajosyula P, Nassiri N, Tonnessen B. Thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair of a ruptured zone 0 mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm. Annals Of Vascular Surgery - Brief Reports And Innovations 2024, 4: 100302. DOI: 10.1016/j.avsurg.2024.100302.
- Setia O, Strosberg D, Blasberg J, Schwartz J, Tonnessen B, Cardella J, Zwibelman H, Guzman R. Endoscopic Transaxillary First Rib Resection. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2024, 79: e115. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.03.139.
- Brahmandam A, Kim T, Parziale S, Deng Y, Setia O, Tonnessen B, Ochoa Chaar C, Guzman R, Aboian E. Intravascular Ultrasound Use is Associated with Improved Patency in Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Interventions. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2024, 106: 410-418. PMID: 38810722, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2024.03.008.
- Schultz K, Rodriguez P, Hamdi S, Attaran R, Lozada J, Huber S, Tonnessen B, Aboian E, Guzman R, Chaar C. Fasting Duration Prior to Venography Is Associated with Stent Size in Patients with Iliac Vein Compression. Journal Of Vascular Surgery Venous And Lymphatic Disorders 2024, 12: 101774. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2024.101774.
- Regan C, Scierka L, Dardik A, Tonnessen B, Iyad Ochoa Chaar C, Ionescu C, Aboian E, Cardella J, Nassiri N, Guzman R, Attaran R, Nagpal S, Shah S, Smolderen K, Mena-Hurtado C. Clinician perspectives regarding CYP2C19 genotype testing in patients with critical limb ischemia: A Delphi approach. Vascular 2024, 17085381241246318. PMID: 38669051, DOI: 10.1177/17085381241246318.
- Kostiuk V, Gazes M, Fereydooni S, Chaar C, Guzman R, Tonnessen B. Long-term limb salvage and functional outcomes for patients undergoing partial calcanectomy. Vascular 2024, 17085381241247627. PMID: 38631330, DOI: 10.1177/17085381241247627.
- Arun A, Yue J, Khachane V, Sumpio B, Tonnessen B. Endovascular stenting of external iliac vein injury during anterior spine exposure. Journal Of Vascular Surgery Cases And Innovative Techniques 2024, 10: 101506. PMID: 38812729, PMCID: PMC11133885, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2024.101506.
- Loh S, Tonnessen B. The infraclavicular approach for venous thoracic outlet syndrome. Seminars In Vascular Surgery 2024, 37: 74-81. PMID: 38704187, DOI: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2024.01.003.
- Kostiuk V, Thaxton C, Loh S, Cardella J, Dardik A, Tonnessen B. Representation of female vascular surgeons in national clinical trial leadership: analysis of trends over 20 years. JVS-Vascular Insights 2024, 2: 100077. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsvi.2024.100077.
- Tonnessen B, Aulivola B. The role of intravascular ultrasound in peripheral vascular interventions. JVS-Vascular Insights 2024, 2: 100055. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsvi.2024.100055.
- Damara F, Alameddine D, Slade M, Cardella J, Tonnessen B, Guzman R, Ochoa Chaar C. Arterial dissection during peripheral vascular interventions. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2023, 79: 339-347.e6. PMID: 37838217, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2023.10.004.
- Kostiuk V, Rodriguez P, Tonnessen B, Lozada J, Guzman R, Chaar C. Next Generation IVC Filter Retrieval. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2023, 78: e130. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2023.07.031.
- Harris S, Guzman R, Tonnessen B, Nassiri N, Chaar C, Aboian E, Cardella J, Strosberg D. High Incidence of Subclavian Vein Stenosis at the Thoracic Outlet in Patients with Ipsilateral Upper Extremity Hemodialysis Access. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2023, 78: e140. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2023.07.048.
- Grubman S, Kostiuk V, Brahmandam A, Tonnessen B, Mojibian H, Schneider E, Guzman R, Chaar C. Effect of inferior vena cava filter placement position on device complications. Journal Of Vascular Surgery Venous And Lymphatic Disorders 2023, 11: 1165-1174.e2. PMID: 37356713, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2023.05.020.
- Kabeil M, Wohlauer M, D'Oria M, Khetarpaul V, Gillette R, Moore E, Colborn K, Cuff R, O'Banion L, Koleilat I, Aziz F, Mouawad N, Kabeil M, Wohlauer M, D’Oria M, Khetarpaul V, Gillette R, Moore E, Colborn K, Cuff R, O’Banion L, Ali A, Lucero L, Costanza M, Hammond E, Motaganahalli R, Samra H, Westin G, Allen K, Sachdev U, Andraska E, Sharafuddin M, Pena-Quevedo J, Koleilat I, Carnevale M, Batarseh P, Tonnessen B, Harroun N, Sataviciute A, Aziz F, Tinelli G, Chuen J, Bath J, Mills J, Afifi R, Coscas R, Shalhub S, Nkansah R, Beck A, St. John R, Malekpour F, Siah M, Kim S, Davies M, Todd G, Busby C, Nelson P, Wyatt S, Ahmed S, Cosentino A, Ghosh A, Miranda J, Torres I, Fakhradiyev I, Kota A, Mier y Teran-Ellis S, Lopez G, Hinojosa C, Gunawansa N, Mouawad N, Singh K. Carotid Artery Operation Delay During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Results of a Multicenter International Study. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2023, 96: 44-56. PMID: 37355018, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.05.041.
- Ilagan-Ying Y, Tonnessen B. Open management of complex infrarenal aortic occlusive disease. The Journal Of Cardiovascular Surgery 2023, 64: 361-371. PMID: 37162241, DOI: 10.23736/s0021-9509.23.12680-2.
- Christensen R, Yi M, Kang B, Ibrahim S, Anvery N, Dirr M, Adams S, Amer Y, Bisdorff A, Bradfield L, Brown S, Earley A, Fatheree L, Fayoux P, Getchius T, Ginex P, Graham A, Green C, Gresele P, Hanson H, Haynes N, Hegedüs L, Hussein H, Jakhmola P, Kantorova L, Krishnasamy R, Krist A, Landry G, Lease E, Ley L, Marsden G, Meek T, Meremikwu M, Moga C, Mokrane S, Mujoomdar A, Newton S, O'Flynn N, Perkins G, Smith E, Prematunge C, Rychert J, Saraco M, Schünemann H, Senerth E, Sinclair A, Shwayder J, Stec C, Tanni S, Taske N, Temple-Smolkin R, Thomas L, Thomas S, Tonnessen B, Turner A, Van Dam A, van Doormaal M, Wan Y, Ventura C, McFarlane E, Morgan R, Ogunremi T, Alam M. Development of an international glossary for clinical guidelines collaboration. Journal Of Clinical Epidemiology 2023, 158: 84-91. PMID: 37019344, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.03.026.
- Satam K, Aurshina A, Zhuo H, Zhang Y, Cardella J, Aboian E, Tonnessen B, Guzman R, Ochoa Chaar C. Incidence and Significance of Deep Venous Reflux in Patients Treated with Saphenous Vein Ablation. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2023, 91: 182-190. PMID: 36693564, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.11.034.
- Kostiuk V, Grubman S, Brahmandam A, Schneider E, Tonnessen B, Lozada J, Guzman R, Chaar C. The Degree of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Tilt Associated With Challenging Retrieval. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2022, 76: e37-e38. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.06.066.
- Kostiuk V, Gazes M, Chaar C, Guzman R, Tonnessen B. Long-term Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Partial Calcanectomy. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2022, 76: e36. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.06.064.
- Brahmandam A, Kim T, Parziale S, Deng Y, Setia O, Tonnessen B, Chaar C, Guzman R, Aboian E. Intravascular Ultrasound Examination Is Associated With Improved Patency in Peripheral Arterial Interventions. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2022, 76: e35-e36. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.06.063.
- Kostiuk V, Setia O, Cardella J, Strosberg D, Tonnessen B, Guzman R, Aboian E. The Use of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy After Arterial Vascular Reconstructions. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2022, 76: e26-e27. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.06.053.
- Brahmandam A, Grubman S, Salem R, Davis KA, Tonnessen BH, Guzman RJ, Chaar C. Placement and retrieval of bilateral iliac vein filters in patients with mega cava. Journal Of Vascular Surgery Cases And Innovative Techniques 2022, 8: 610-615. PMID: 36248380, PMCID: PMC9556588, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2022.08.002.
- Tonnessen BH, Bush RL. Commentary on “Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Carotid Body Tumors: Data from the Carotid Paraganglioma Cooperative International Registry (CAPACITY) Group”. World Journal Of Surgery 2022, 46: 2515-2516. PMID: 35960331, DOI: 10.1007/s00268-022-06703-w.
- Alameddine D, Ali S, Brackett A, Attaran R, Mojibian H, Tonnessen B, Guzman R, Chaar C. Systematic Review of Venous Stent Migration to the Heart. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2022, 75: e234-e235. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.03.481.
- Satam K, Aboian E, Huttler J, Zhuo H, Zhang Y, Tonnessen B, Cardella J, Guzman RJ, Ochoa Chaar CI. Eligibility of Patients with Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia for Deep Venous Arterialization. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2022, 86: 260-267. PMID: 35589034, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.04.051.
- Chan SM, Brahmandam A, Valcarce-Aspegren M, Zhuo H, Zhang Y, Tonnessen BH, Lee AI, Chaar C. Sex differences in long-term outcomes of patients with deep vein thrombosis. Vascular 2022, 31: 994-1002. PMID: 35502988, DOI: 10.1177/17085381221097746.
- Satam K, Aurshina A, Zhuo H, Zhang Y, Cardella J, Aboian E, Tonnessen B, Guzman R, Chaar C. Incidence and Characteristics of Deep Venous Reflux in Patients Treated for Superficial Venous Disease with Ablation. Journal Of Vascular Surgery Venous And Lymphatic Disorders 2022, 10: 568-570. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2021.12.055.
- Brahmandam A, Grubman S, Salem R, Davis K, Tonnessen B, Guzman R, Chaar C. Placement and Retrieval of Bilateral Iliac Vein Filters in Patients With Mega Cava. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2021, 74: e330. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.07.083.
- Satam K, Aboian E, Huttler J, Zhuo H, Zhang Y, Tonnessen B, Cardella J, Guzman R, Chaar C. Eligibility of Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia for Deep Venous Arterialization Before Amputation. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2021, 74: e175. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.06.262.
- Brahmandam A, Kostiuk V, Grubman S, Schneider E, Tonnessen B, Mojibian H, Chaar C. Risk Factors for Early Mortality with Inferior Vena Cava Filters. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2021, 73: 48. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.12.042.
- Brahmandam A, Chan S, Aspegren-Valcarce M, Zhuo H, Zhang Y, Tonnessen B, Lee A, Chaar C. Sex Differences in Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis. Journal Of Vascular Surgery Venous And Lymphatic Disorders 2021, 9: 546-547. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.12.033.
- Kim T, Tonnessen B, Chaar C. Chapter 5b The management of May-Thurner syndrome in women. 2021, 141-152. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822959-0.00002-x.
- Bai H, Fereydooni A, Zhuo H, Zhang Y, Tonnessen B, Guzman RJ, Ochoa Chaar CI. Comparison of Atherectomy to Balloon Angioplasty and Stenting for Isolated Femoropopliteal Revascularization. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2020, 69: 261-273. PMID: 32512112, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.05.019.
- Handbook of Patient Care in Vascular Diseases, edition 6ISBN 9781451175233
- Brothers TE, Zhang J, Mauldin PD, Tonnessen BH, Robison JG, Vallabhaneni R, Hallett JW, Sidawy AN. Better survival for African and Hispanic/Latino Americans after infrainguinal revascularization in the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2017, 65: 1062-1073. PMID: 28189358, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.10.105.
- Brothers TE, Zhang J, Mauldin PD, Tonnessen BH, Robison JG, Vallabhaneni R, Hallett JW. Predicting outcomes for infrapopliteal limb-threatening ischemia using the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2015, 63: 114-124.e5. PMID: 26432282, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.08.063.
- Vallabhaneni R, Kalbaugh C, Farber M, Tonnessen B, Brothers T, Marston W, Hallett J. Active Smoking Is Associated With Increased Odds of Limb Loss Among Claudicants Undergoing Infrainguinal Bypass. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2014, 60: 1715. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.09.041.
- Noll R, Tonnessen B, Kim J, Money S, Sternbergh W. Comparaison des coûts induits à long terme par l'implantation des stentgrafts AneuRx et Zenith. Annales De Chirurgie Vasculaire 2008, 22: 771-777. DOI: 10.1016/j.acvfr.2009.01.001.
- Noll R, Tonnessen B, Kim J, Money S, Sternbergh W. Comparación de costes a largo plazo tras la implantación de endoprótesis aneuRx y Zenith. Anales De Cirugía Vascular 2008, 22: 769-775. DOI: 10.1016/j.acvsp.2008.06.005.
- Handbook of Patient Care in Vascular Diseases, edition 5n/a
- Tonnessen B, Sternbergh W, Money S. Mid- and long-term device migration after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A comparison of AneuRx and Zenith endografts. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2005, 42: 392-401. PMID: 16171578, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2005.05.040.
- Tonnessen B, Money S. Embracing the fistula first national vascular access improvement initiative. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2005, 42: 585-586. PMID: 16171614, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2005.05.030.
- Tonnessen B, Money S. Coronary Artery Revascularization Before Elective Major Vascular Surgery. Perspectives In Vascular Surgery And Endovascular Therapy 2005, 17: 182-1-183. PMID: 16110401, DOI: 10.1177/153100350501700230.
- Tonnessen B, Sternbergh W, Money S. Late problems at the proximal aortic neck: Migration and dilation. Seminars In Vascular Surgery 2004, 17: 288-293. PMID: 15614753, DOI: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2004.09.005.
- Casey K, Tonnessen B, Sternbergh W, Money S. Medical Management of Intermittent Claudication. Vascular And Endovascular Surgery 2004, 38: 391-399. PMID: 15490035, DOI: 10.1177/153857440403800501.
- Tonnessen B, Money S. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Versus Coumarin for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Cancer. Perspectives In Vascular Surgery And Endovascular Therapy 2004, 16: 144-146. DOI: 10.1177/153100350401600217.
- Nordness P, Carter G, Tonnessen B, Sternbergh W, Money S. The Effect of Gender on Early and Intermediate Results of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2003, 17: 615-621. PMID: 14564552, DOI: 10.1007/s10016-003-0072-4.
- Tonnessen B, Sternbergh W, Money S. Brave new world: the role for endovascular aneurysm repair in contemporary vascular surgery. The Journal Of Cardiovascular Surgery 2003, 44: 535-42. PMID: 14627226.
- Sternbergh W, Conners M, Tonnessen B, Carter G, Money S. Aortic Aneurysm Sac Shrinkage after Endovascular Repair Is Device-dependent: A Comparison of Zenith and AneuRx Endografts. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2003, 17: 49-53. PMID: 12545252, DOI: 10.1007/s10016-001-0334-y.
- Tonnessen B, Conners M, Sternbergh W, Carter G, Yoselevitz M, Money S. Mid-term results of patients undergoing endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. The American Journal Of Surgery 2002, 184: 561-566. PMID: 12488168, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(02)01053-x.
- Conners M, Sternberg W, Carter G, Tonnessen B, Yoselevitz M, Money S. Secondary procedures after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2002, 36: 992-996. PMID: 12422089, DOI: 10.1067/mva.2002.127966.
- Conners M, Tonnessen B, Sternbergh W, Carter G, Yoselevitz M, Money S. Does ASA Classification Impact Success Rates of Endovascular Aneurysm Repairs? Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2002, 16: 550-555. PMID: 12203004, DOI: 10.1007/s10016-001-0274-6.
- Conners M, Sternbergh W, Carter G, Tonnessen B, Yoselevitz M, Money S. Endograft migration one to four years after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with the AneuRx device: A cautionary note. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2002, 36: 476-484. PMID: 12218970, DOI: 10.1067/mva.2002.126561.
- Lepore M, Sternbergh W, Salartash K, Tonnessen B, Money S. Influence of NASCET/ACAS trial eligibility on outcome after carotid endarterectomy. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2001, 34: 581-586. PMID: 11668308, DOI: 10.1067/mva.2001.118079.
- Tonnessen B, Severson S, Hurt R, Miller V. Modulation of nitric-oxide synthase by nicotine. Journal Of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics 2000, 295: 601-6. PMID: 11046094.
- Miller V, Clouse W, Tonnessen B, Boston U, Severson S, Bonde S, Rud K, Hurt R. Time and dose effect of transdermal nicotine on endothelial function. AJP Heart And Circulatory Physiology 2000, 279: h1913-h1921. PMID: 11009480, DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.4.h1913.
Biography
Britt H. Tonnessen, MD, FACS is a vascular surgeon who treats patients with a variety of conditions that affect the arteries and veins, including carotid disease, peripheral vascular disease, venous disease, and thoracic outlet syndrome. As a vascular expert, she cares for older patients with hardening of the arteries, as well as younger patients who may develop different types of problems, such as varicose veins or chronic wounds on the legs.
Dr. Tonnessen says the decision to become a doctor came naturally to her. “I wanted to help people. It's as simple as that.” She was inspired by excellent mentorship and early exposure to vascular surgery as a medical student at the Mayo Clinic in the 1990s.
She ultimately became a vascular surgeon for three reasons. “One, you have continuity of patient care over time—these are patients you follow for many years. Two, the science behind the work I do is logical and interesting. Three, minimally invasive “endovascular” techniques have really revolutionized the field," she says. "When I was an intern, all of the patients had large incisions on their abdomens. Traditional surgery is still appropriate for some, but now we can do many procedures through a small puncture in the groin or even in the foot.”
Vascular surgery can be demanding, but there are many rewards, Dr. Tonnessen says. “It's so gratifying for me to get a cold foot back to a warm foot (because circulation has improved), to relieve pain for someone whose leg has been swollen for years, or to repair someone's potentially life-threatening aneurysm through a couple of small groin punctures," she says. "In medicine, we're never looking for a thank you, but the satisfaction from patients whose lives were transformed has made it all worthwhile.”
Titles
- Associate Professor of Surgery (Vascular)
- Associate Program Director, Vascular Residency, Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy
- Associate Professor, Surgery
Education & Training
- FellowOchsner Clinic (2006)
- ResidentOchsner Clinic (2004)
- MDMayo Clinic (1999)
- BSc (Hon)Brown University, Neuroscience (1994)
Additional Information
- Top Doctor 2020: Connecticut Magazine (2020)
- AB of Surgery, Vascular Surgery (2008)
- AB of Surgery, Surgery General (2005)
- Kostiuk V, Fereydooni S, Setia O, Loh S, Strosberg D, Tonnessen B, Ochoa Chaar C, Aboian E. Comparative analysis of negative pressure wound therapy (PICO) and standard dressing application after arterial vascular reconstructions. Vascular 2024, 17085381241296606. PMID: 39460535, DOI: 10.1177/17085381241296606.
- Loh S, Strosberg D, Chaar C, Guzman R, Tonnessen B. Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Limb Ischemia at a Tertiary Referral Center. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2024, 80: e121-e122. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.07.058.
- Setia O, Batarseh P, Li A, Tonnessen B, Strosberg D. Superior Mesenteric Artery Transposition: A Versatile Surgical Technique for Acute and Chronic Vascular Conditions. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2024, 80: e136. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.07.077.
- Christensen R, Yi M, Kang B, Ibrahim S, Anvery N, Dirr M, Adams S, Amer Y, Bisdorff A, Bradfield L, Brown S, Earley A, Fatheree L, Fayoux P, Getchius T, Ginex P, Graham A, Green C, Gresele P, Hanson H, Haynes N, Hegedüs L, Hussein H, Jakhmola P, Kantorova L, Krishnasamy R, Krist A, Landry G, Lease E, Ley L, Marsden G, Meek T, Meremikwu M, Moga C, Mokrane S, Mujoomdar A, Newton S, O'Flynn N, Perkins G, Smith E, Prematunge C, Rychert J, Saraco M, Schünemann H, Senerth E, Sinclair A, Shwayder J, Stec C, Tanni S, Taske N, Temple-Smolkin R, Thomas L, Thomas S, Tonnessen B, Turner A, Van Dam A, van Doormaal M, Wan Y, Ventura C, McFarlane E, Morgan R, Ogunremi T, Alam M. Corrigendum to “Development of an international glossary for clinical guidelines collaboration” “[Journal of Biomechanics 158 (2023) 84-91]”. Journal Of Clinical Epidemiology 2024, 111514. PMID: 39353833, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111514.
- Iannuzzi J, Animilli S, Koleilat I, Indes J, Simons J, Tonnessen B, Conte M, Eldrup-Jorgensen J. Vascular Quality Initiative Compliance With Society for Vascular Surgery Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Claudication with Peripheral Vascular Intervention. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2024, 80: e95. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.06.157.
- Schwartz A, Setia O, Loh S, Tonnessen B, Assi R, Kuwayama D. Thoracoabdominal Aortic Reconstruction With Autogenous Vein Graft for Perivisceral Mycotic Aneurysm. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2024, 80: e43. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.06.076.
- Kostiuk V, Grubman S, Brahmandam A, Schneider E, Tonnessen B, Perez Lozada J, Guzman R, Ochoa Chaar C. The Degree of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Tilt Associated with Challenging Retrieval. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2024, 109: 135-142. PMID: 39025218, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2024.06.020.
- Kostiuk V, Vallabhajosyula P, Nassiri N, Tonnessen B. Thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair of a ruptured zone 0 mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm. Annals Of Vascular Surgery - Brief Reports And Innovations 2024, 4: 100302. DOI: 10.1016/j.avsurg.2024.100302.
- Setia O, Strosberg D, Blasberg J, Schwartz J, Tonnessen B, Cardella J, Zwibelman H, Guzman R. Endoscopic Transaxillary First Rib Resection. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2024, 79: e115. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.03.139.
- Brahmandam A, Kim T, Parziale S, Deng Y, Setia O, Tonnessen B, Ochoa Chaar C, Guzman R, Aboian E. Intravascular Ultrasound Use is Associated with Improved Patency in Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Interventions. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2024, 106: 410-418. PMID: 38810722, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2024.03.008.
- Schultz K, Rodriguez P, Hamdi S, Attaran R, Lozada J, Huber S, Tonnessen B, Aboian E, Guzman R, Chaar C. Fasting Duration Prior to Venography Is Associated with Stent Size in Patients with Iliac Vein Compression. Journal Of Vascular Surgery Venous And Lymphatic Disorders 2024, 12: 101774. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2024.101774.
- Regan C, Scierka L, Dardik A, Tonnessen B, Iyad Ochoa Chaar C, Ionescu C, Aboian E, Cardella J, Nassiri N, Guzman R, Attaran R, Nagpal S, Shah S, Smolderen K, Mena-Hurtado C. Clinician perspectives regarding CYP2C19 genotype testing in patients with critical limb ischemia: A Delphi approach. Vascular 2024, 17085381241246318. PMID: 38669051, DOI: 10.1177/17085381241246318.
- Kostiuk V, Gazes M, Fereydooni S, Chaar C, Guzman R, Tonnessen B. Long-term limb salvage and functional outcomes for patients undergoing partial calcanectomy. Vascular 2024, 17085381241247627. PMID: 38631330, DOI: 10.1177/17085381241247627.
- Arun A, Yue J, Khachane V, Sumpio B, Tonnessen B. Endovascular stenting of external iliac vein injury during anterior spine exposure. Journal Of Vascular Surgery Cases And Innovative Techniques 2024, 10: 101506. PMID: 38812729, PMCID: PMC11133885, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2024.101506.
- Loh S, Tonnessen B. The infraclavicular approach for venous thoracic outlet syndrome. Seminars In Vascular Surgery 2024, 37: 74-81. PMID: 38704187, DOI: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2024.01.003.
- Kostiuk V, Thaxton C, Loh S, Cardella J, Dardik A, Tonnessen B. Representation of female vascular surgeons in national clinical trial leadership: analysis of trends over 20 years. JVS-Vascular Insights 2024, 2: 100077. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsvi.2024.100077.
- Tonnessen B, Aulivola B. The role of intravascular ultrasound in peripheral vascular interventions. JVS-Vascular Insights 2024, 2: 100055. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsvi.2024.100055.
- Damara F, Alameddine D, Slade M, Cardella J, Tonnessen B, Guzman R, Ochoa Chaar C. Arterial dissection during peripheral vascular interventions. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2023, 79: 339-347.e6. PMID: 37838217, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2023.10.004.
- Kostiuk V, Rodriguez P, Tonnessen B, Lozada J, Guzman R, Chaar C. Next Generation IVC Filter Retrieval. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2023, 78: e130. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2023.07.031.
- Harris S, Guzman R, Tonnessen B, Nassiri N, Chaar C, Aboian E, Cardella J, Strosberg D. High Incidence of Subclavian Vein Stenosis at the Thoracic Outlet in Patients with Ipsilateral Upper Extremity Hemodialysis Access. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2023, 78: e140. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2023.07.048.
- Grubman S, Kostiuk V, Brahmandam A, Tonnessen B, Mojibian H, Schneider E, Guzman R, Chaar C. Effect of inferior vena cava filter placement position on device complications. Journal Of Vascular Surgery Venous And Lymphatic Disorders 2023, 11: 1165-1174.e2. PMID: 37356713, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2023.05.020.
- Kabeil M, Wohlauer M, D'Oria M, Khetarpaul V, Gillette R, Moore E, Colborn K, Cuff R, O'Banion L, Koleilat I, Aziz F, Mouawad N, Kabeil M, Wohlauer M, D’Oria M, Khetarpaul V, Gillette R, Moore E, Colborn K, Cuff R, O’Banion L, Ali A, Lucero L, Costanza M, Hammond E, Motaganahalli R, Samra H, Westin G, Allen K, Sachdev U, Andraska E, Sharafuddin M, Pena-Quevedo J, Koleilat I, Carnevale M, Batarseh P, Tonnessen B, Harroun N, Sataviciute A, Aziz F, Tinelli G, Chuen J, Bath J, Mills J, Afifi R, Coscas R, Shalhub S, Nkansah R, Beck A, St. John R, Malekpour F, Siah M, Kim S, Davies M, Todd G, Busby C, Nelson P, Wyatt S, Ahmed S, Cosentino A, Ghosh A, Miranda J, Torres I, Fakhradiyev I, Kota A, Mier y Teran-Ellis S, Lopez G, Hinojosa C, Gunawansa N, Mouawad N, Singh K. Carotid Artery Operation Delay During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Results of a Multicenter International Study. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2023, 96: 44-56. PMID: 37355018, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.05.041.
- Ilagan-Ying Y, Tonnessen B. Open management of complex infrarenal aortic occlusive disease. The Journal Of Cardiovascular Surgery 2023, 64: 361-371. PMID: 37162241, DOI: 10.23736/s0021-9509.23.12680-2.
- Christensen R, Yi M, Kang B, Ibrahim S, Anvery N, Dirr M, Adams S, Amer Y, Bisdorff A, Bradfield L, Brown S, Earley A, Fatheree L, Fayoux P, Getchius T, Ginex P, Graham A, Green C, Gresele P, Hanson H, Haynes N, Hegedüs L, Hussein H, Jakhmola P, Kantorova L, Krishnasamy R, Krist A, Landry G, Lease E, Ley L, Marsden G, Meek T, Meremikwu M, Moga C, Mokrane S, Mujoomdar A, Newton S, O'Flynn N, Perkins G, Smith E, Prematunge C, Rychert J, Saraco M, Schünemann H, Senerth E, Sinclair A, Shwayder J, Stec C, Tanni S, Taske N, Temple-Smolkin R, Thomas L, Thomas S, Tonnessen B, Turner A, Van Dam A, van Doormaal M, Wan Y, Ventura C, McFarlane E, Morgan R, Ogunremi T, Alam M. Development of an international glossary for clinical guidelines collaboration. Journal Of Clinical Epidemiology 2023, 158: 84-91. PMID: 37019344, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.03.026.
- Satam K, Aurshina A, Zhuo H, Zhang Y, Cardella J, Aboian E, Tonnessen B, Guzman R, Ochoa Chaar C. Incidence and Significance of Deep Venous Reflux in Patients Treated with Saphenous Vein Ablation. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2023, 91: 182-190. PMID: 36693564, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.11.034.
- Kostiuk V, Grubman S, Brahmandam A, Schneider E, Tonnessen B, Lozada J, Guzman R, Chaar C. The Degree of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Tilt Associated With Challenging Retrieval. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2022, 76: e37-e38. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.06.066.
- Kostiuk V, Gazes M, Chaar C, Guzman R, Tonnessen B. Long-term Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Partial Calcanectomy. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2022, 76: e36. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.06.064.
- Brahmandam A, Kim T, Parziale S, Deng Y, Setia O, Tonnessen B, Chaar C, Guzman R, Aboian E. Intravascular Ultrasound Examination Is Associated With Improved Patency in Peripheral Arterial Interventions. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2022, 76: e35-e36. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.06.063.
- Kostiuk V, Setia O, Cardella J, Strosberg D, Tonnessen B, Guzman R, Aboian E. The Use of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy After Arterial Vascular Reconstructions. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2022, 76: e26-e27. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.06.053.
- Brahmandam A, Grubman S, Salem R, Davis KA, Tonnessen BH, Guzman RJ, Chaar C. Placement and retrieval of bilateral iliac vein filters in patients with mega cava. Journal Of Vascular Surgery Cases And Innovative Techniques 2022, 8: 610-615. PMID: 36248380, PMCID: PMC9556588, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2022.08.002.
- Tonnessen BH, Bush RL. Commentary on “Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Carotid Body Tumors: Data from the Carotid Paraganglioma Cooperative International Registry (CAPACITY) Group”. World Journal Of Surgery 2022, 46: 2515-2516. PMID: 35960331, DOI: 10.1007/s00268-022-06703-w.
- Alameddine D, Ali S, Brackett A, Attaran R, Mojibian H, Tonnessen B, Guzman R, Chaar C. Systematic Review of Venous Stent Migration to the Heart. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2022, 75: e234-e235. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.03.481.
- Satam K, Aboian E, Huttler J, Zhuo H, Zhang Y, Tonnessen B, Cardella J, Guzman RJ, Ochoa Chaar CI. Eligibility of Patients with Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia for Deep Venous Arterialization. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2022, 86: 260-267. PMID: 35589034, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.04.051.
- Chan SM, Brahmandam A, Valcarce-Aspegren M, Zhuo H, Zhang Y, Tonnessen BH, Lee AI, Chaar C. Sex differences in long-term outcomes of patients with deep vein thrombosis. Vascular 2022, 31: 994-1002. PMID: 35502988, DOI: 10.1177/17085381221097746.
- Satam K, Aurshina A, Zhuo H, Zhang Y, Cardella J, Aboian E, Tonnessen B, Guzman R, Chaar C. Incidence and Characteristics of Deep Venous Reflux in Patients Treated for Superficial Venous Disease with Ablation. Journal Of Vascular Surgery Venous And Lymphatic Disorders 2022, 10: 568-570. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2021.12.055.
- Brahmandam A, Grubman S, Salem R, Davis K, Tonnessen B, Guzman R, Chaar C. Placement and Retrieval of Bilateral Iliac Vein Filters in Patients With Mega Cava. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2021, 74: e330. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.07.083.
- Satam K, Aboian E, Huttler J, Zhuo H, Zhang Y, Tonnessen B, Cardella J, Guzman R, Chaar C. Eligibility of Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia for Deep Venous Arterialization Before Amputation. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2021, 74: e175. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.06.262.
- Brahmandam A, Kostiuk V, Grubman S, Schneider E, Tonnessen B, Mojibian H, Chaar C. Risk Factors for Early Mortality with Inferior Vena Cava Filters. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2021, 73: 48. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.12.042.
- Brahmandam A, Chan S, Aspegren-Valcarce M, Zhuo H, Zhang Y, Tonnessen B, Lee A, Chaar C. Sex Differences in Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis. Journal Of Vascular Surgery Venous And Lymphatic Disorders 2021, 9: 546-547. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.12.033.
- Kim T, Tonnessen B, Chaar C. Chapter 5b The management of May-Thurner syndrome in women. 2021, 141-152. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822959-0.00002-x.
- Bai H, Fereydooni A, Zhuo H, Zhang Y, Tonnessen B, Guzman RJ, Ochoa Chaar CI. Comparison of Atherectomy to Balloon Angioplasty and Stenting for Isolated Femoropopliteal Revascularization. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2020, 69: 261-273. PMID: 32512112, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.05.019.
- Handbook of Patient Care in Vascular Diseases, edition 6ISBN 9781451175233
- Brothers TE, Zhang J, Mauldin PD, Tonnessen BH, Robison JG, Vallabhaneni R, Hallett JW, Sidawy AN. Better survival for African and Hispanic/Latino Americans after infrainguinal revascularization in the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2017, 65: 1062-1073. PMID: 28189358, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.10.105.
- Brothers TE, Zhang J, Mauldin PD, Tonnessen BH, Robison JG, Vallabhaneni R, Hallett JW. Predicting outcomes for infrapopliteal limb-threatening ischemia using the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2015, 63: 114-124.e5. PMID: 26432282, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.08.063.
- Vallabhaneni R, Kalbaugh C, Farber M, Tonnessen B, Brothers T, Marston W, Hallett J. Active Smoking Is Associated With Increased Odds of Limb Loss Among Claudicants Undergoing Infrainguinal Bypass. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2014, 60: 1715. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.09.041.
- Noll R, Tonnessen B, Kim J, Money S, Sternbergh W. Comparaison des coûts induits à long terme par l'implantation des stentgrafts AneuRx et Zenith. Annales De Chirurgie Vasculaire 2008, 22: 771-777. DOI: 10.1016/j.acvfr.2009.01.001.
- Noll R, Tonnessen B, Kim J, Money S, Sternbergh W. Comparación de costes a largo plazo tras la implantación de endoprótesis aneuRx y Zenith. Anales De Cirugía Vascular 2008, 22: 769-775. DOI: 10.1016/j.acvsp.2008.06.005.
- Handbook of Patient Care in Vascular Diseases, edition 5n/a
- Tonnessen B, Sternbergh W, Money S. Mid- and long-term device migration after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A comparison of AneuRx and Zenith endografts. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2005, 42: 392-401. PMID: 16171578, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2005.05.040.
- Tonnessen B, Money S. Embracing the fistula first national vascular access improvement initiative. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2005, 42: 585-586. PMID: 16171614, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2005.05.030.
- Tonnessen B, Money S. Coronary Artery Revascularization Before Elective Major Vascular Surgery. Perspectives In Vascular Surgery And Endovascular Therapy 2005, 17: 182-1-183. PMID: 16110401, DOI: 10.1177/153100350501700230.
- Tonnessen B, Sternbergh W, Money S. Late problems at the proximal aortic neck: Migration and dilation. Seminars In Vascular Surgery 2004, 17: 288-293. PMID: 15614753, DOI: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2004.09.005.
- Casey K, Tonnessen B, Sternbergh W, Money S. Medical Management of Intermittent Claudication. Vascular And Endovascular Surgery 2004, 38: 391-399. PMID: 15490035, DOI: 10.1177/153857440403800501.
- Tonnessen B, Money S. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Versus Coumarin for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Cancer. Perspectives In Vascular Surgery And Endovascular Therapy 2004, 16: 144-146. DOI: 10.1177/153100350401600217.
- Nordness P, Carter G, Tonnessen B, Sternbergh W, Money S. The Effect of Gender on Early and Intermediate Results of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2003, 17: 615-621. PMID: 14564552, DOI: 10.1007/s10016-003-0072-4.
- Tonnessen B, Sternbergh W, Money S. Brave new world: the role for endovascular aneurysm repair in contemporary vascular surgery. The Journal Of Cardiovascular Surgery 2003, 44: 535-42. PMID: 14627226.
- Sternbergh W, Conners M, Tonnessen B, Carter G, Money S. Aortic Aneurysm Sac Shrinkage after Endovascular Repair Is Device-dependent: A Comparison of Zenith and AneuRx Endografts. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2003, 17: 49-53. PMID: 12545252, DOI: 10.1007/s10016-001-0334-y.
- Tonnessen B, Conners M, Sternbergh W, Carter G, Yoselevitz M, Money S. Mid-term results of patients undergoing endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. The American Journal Of Surgery 2002, 184: 561-566. PMID: 12488168, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(02)01053-x.
- Conners M, Sternberg W, Carter G, Tonnessen B, Yoselevitz M, Money S. Secondary procedures after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2002, 36: 992-996. PMID: 12422089, DOI: 10.1067/mva.2002.127966.
- Conners M, Tonnessen B, Sternbergh W, Carter G, Yoselevitz M, Money S. Does ASA Classification Impact Success Rates of Endovascular Aneurysm Repairs? Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2002, 16: 550-555. PMID: 12203004, DOI: 10.1007/s10016-001-0274-6.
- Conners M, Sternbergh W, Carter G, Tonnessen B, Yoselevitz M, Money S. Endograft migration one to four years after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with the AneuRx device: A cautionary note. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2002, 36: 476-484. PMID: 12218970, DOI: 10.1067/mva.2002.126561.
- Lepore M, Sternbergh W, Salartash K, Tonnessen B, Money S. Influence of NASCET/ACAS trial eligibility on outcome after carotid endarterectomy. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2001, 34: 581-586. PMID: 11668308, DOI: 10.1067/mva.2001.118079.
- Tonnessen B, Severson S, Hurt R, Miller V. Modulation of nitric-oxide synthase by nicotine. Journal Of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics 2000, 295: 601-6. PMID: 11046094.
- Miller V, Clouse W, Tonnessen B, Boston U, Severson S, Bonde S, Rud K, Hurt R. Time and dose effect of transdermal nicotine on endothelial function. AJP Heart And Circulatory Physiology 2000, 279: h1913-h1921. PMID: 11009480, DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.4.h1913.