Empty sella syndrome is a medical condition characterized by the enlargement or malformation of the sella turcica, a bony structure at the base of the brain that houses the pituitary gland. This can lead to partial or complete compression of the pituitary gland, resulting in hormonal imbalances and various symptoms. It can be classified into two types: primary empty sella syndrome, which occurs without any known cause, and secondary empty sella syndrome, which is a result of injury, surgery, or radiation therapy.