Our expert pathologists are key players in all health care provided by Yale Medicine. By studying bodily fluids and tissues, we help other physicians make diagnoses. We offer highly specialized diagnostic and consultation services in all major specialty and subspecialty areas of pathology. Our subspecialists attend all regular meetings in which a number of doctors from various specialties review and discuss a patient's medical condition and treatment options.They are on call around the clock, ensuring that doctors working in oncology, surgery, transplantation, and other service areas always have access to our expert knowledge. Our internationally recognized physicians offer specialized expertise in breast, cytopathology (cell), dermatologic, endocrine, gastrointestinal and liver, gynecological, head and neck, hematologic (blood), neurologic, ophthalmologic, pediatric, kidney, soft-tissue and bone, transplant, thoracic and urologic pathology, molecular and genomic pathology, and autopsy pathology. Specialized care is offered in the following areas: Accredited PD-LI testing Autopsy Cytopathology Intraoperative frozen section and tumor triaging service Molecular diagnostics and tumor genomics profiling Pediatric pathology Support laboratories: histology, immunohistochemistry, translational pathology, and electron microscopy and quantitative immunofluorescence analysis of multiplexed tumor markers Surgical pathology with subspecialty expertise in gastrointestinal tract and liver; prostate; bladder; kidney; gynecological tract; endocrine system; head, neck, and oropharynx; bone and soft tissue; hematologic and lymphoid system; brain, muscle and eye; pulmonary system; and transplantation

When a health crisis can’t wait, our expert emergency care team is ready to respond 24/7, 365 days a year, at three locations across the greater New Haven area: our main campus at York Street, the Saint Raphael campus, and the Shoreline Medical Center in Guilford. Our board-certified emergency physicians, surgeons, and specialists, as well as emergency-trained nurses and support staff, are ready at any time to provide immediate care for any urgent illness and injury. People of all ages can receive care at any of our emergency departments. At York Street, children can be seen at a separate pediatric emergency department. Our adult services include: 24/7 in-house coverage by senior trauma surgeons Prompt availability of specialty physicians 24/7 physician coverage for the Crisis Intervention Unit, and a new 12-bed locked observation unit State-of-the-art resuscitation rooms for trauma and critical illness Acute stroke intervention at our accredited stroke center Chest Pain Center with the highest level of accreditation Helipad at the York Street campus that accommodates two helicopters for quick access Evaluation, assistance, and referrals for substance use patients Three board-certified toxicologists Separate radiology suite with two CT scanners The “Sharp Team“—an on-the-scene physician response team for emergent incidents — provides medical oversight and care at multiple casualty incidents, and complex or difficult extrications and rescues. For the needs of children, all of our pediatric emergency departments provide child- and family-centered care, with trained support staff on hand, including pediatric nurses, social workers, and child-life specialists. A dedicated, separate pediatric emergency room at the York Street campus, the first Level I Trauma Center in Connecticut, provides additional services for children, including: 16 pediatric patient rooms, and two resuscitation trauma rooms A pediatric transport team available 24/7 to provide critical care to infants and children en route to the hospital Pediatric critical care transport paramedics on staff 24/7 pediatric social worker Board-certified pediatric toxicologist Pediatric Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Program

The Skin & Kidney Cancer Program at Smilow Cancer Hospital brings together an extensive, multidisciplinary team to diagnose, treat, and care for patients with all types of skin cancers, including melanoma, as well as kidney cancers. Established over 30 years ago, our program includes experts in surgery, medical oncology, dermatology, urology, pathology, dermatopathology, radiology, genetics, and radiation oncology. Members of the team are national and international leaders in clinical and laboratory research focusing on improving treatment and outcomes for our patients. From patients who present with an early-stage diagnosis or more complex, metastatic disease, our team is prepared to provide each patient with the most comprehensive and cutting-edge treatment available. Each patient’s care is reviewed by our multidisciplinary care team to develop a personalized treatment plan. Clinical trials are also available to patients through Yale Cancer Center, bringing the latest treatment options to our clinics to benefit patients. Our doctors are at the forefront of melanoma and kidney cancer treatment and research, including novel immunotherapy approaches and the genetic characterization of kidney cancers. Smilow Cancer Hospital places great emphasis on taking care of all of our patients’ needs through a network of supportive care services. Nurses with dedicated knowledge and skills care for our patients through the continuum of their treatment. Patients and their families also have access to social workers to provide psychosocial support, as well as pastoral support, nutritional counseling, physical therapy, palliative care, and integrative medicine. After the initial diagnosis—and depending on the presentation of the disease—each patient is evaluated by our dermatologists, surgeons, urologists, and/or medical oncologists. For some presentations of melanoma and other skin cancers, particularly in the early stages in which disease has not spread beyond the primary site or lymph nodes close to the primary site, surgery may the preferred initial treatment. Specialized surgical expertise is essential for the management of melanoma and other skin cancers, which can occur on any skin site and even in areas not exposed to the sun. Some skin cancers appear in delicate areas such as the face, nose, ear, or hand and often require the expertise of a plastic surgeon. For certain regions of the body, our team collaborates with other highly trained surgical subspecialties, including thoracic surgery and neurosurgery. To care for kidney cancer, we work closely with oncologists and urologic surgeons. In the early stages of melanoma, pathology results from the tumor will determine the risk of developing metastases (spread to distant organs) in the future. If the results indicate a high risk for melanoma metastases, treatments are available to reduce the risk and possibly prevent or delay melanoma recurrence. Adjuvant therapies (or therapies given after surgery